ABSTRACT
Background: Helicobacter pyloriis is a Gram negative, bacterium that colonizes human gastric mucosa and is one of the most common bacterial pathogens worldwide with prevalence of up to 90 % in developing Countries. It is the primary cause of peptic ulcer disease and an etiologic agent in the development of gastric cancer. H. pylori infection is curable with regimens of multiple antimicrobial agents. However, antibiotic resistance is a leading cause of treatment failure. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of H.pylori in gastric biopsies taken from Egyptian patients by using invasive methods and study the role of antimicrobial agents in elimination of this bacterium
Methodology: From 50 patients, 3 antral gastric biopsies were taken from the greater curvature about 2 cm, from pylorus. The first biopsy was for direct Gram's stain and culture [using Blood agar] to apply Traditional Biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility test to different antibiotics, The second biopsy was used for rapid urease test [using modified Christensen's urea broth] and the third biopsy was kept in deep, freezer at -70 C in brain heart infusion broth for PCR assay using Ure c gene
Results: Among 50 patients, 22[44%] were positive by culture, 17[34%] were positive by direct Gram's stain with 77.3% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 90% accuracy, while 19[38%] were positive by rapid urease test with 63.6% sensitivity, 82.1% specificity and 74% accuracy, and 25[50%] were positive by PCR with 95.5% sensitivity, 89.3% specificity and 92% accuracy .By antimicrobial Susceptibility testing using disc diffusion method, it was shown that the highest susceptibility of the isolated H.pylori strains was to amoxicillin [90.9%] followed by tetracycline [81.8%], Gentamicin [54.5%] Erythromycin [18.2%] and Ciprofloxacin [9.1 %]. However no one [zero %] was highly sensitive to Metronidazole
Conclusion: Some of antibiotics widely used in Egypt are no longer suitable for treatment of Helicobacter pylori and new antibiotics regimen are needed to eradicate this organism
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate reproduction among patients with bipolar I disorder (BP1) or schizophrenia (SZ) in Egypt. METHODS: BP1 patients (n=113) were compared with community based, demographically balanced controls (n=124) and SZ patients (n=79, DSM-IV). All participants were evaluated using structured interviews and corroborative data were obtained from relatives. Standard indices of procreation were included in multivariate analyses that incorporated key demographic variables. RESULTS: Control individuals were significantly more likely to have children than BP1 or SZ patients (controls 46.8%, BP1 15.9%, SZ 17.7%), but the BP1-SZ differences were non-significant. The average number of children for BP1 patients (0.37+/-0.9) and SZ patients (0.38+/-0.9) was significantly lower than for controls (1.04+/-1.48) (BP1 vs controls, p<0.001; SZ vs controls, p<0.001). The frequency of marriages among BP1 patients was nominally higher than the SZ group, but was significantly lower than controls (BP1: 31.9% SZ: 27.8% control: 57.3%). Even among married individuals, BP1 (but not SZ) patients were childless more often than controls (p=0.001). The marital fertility, i.e., the average number of children among patients with conjugal relationships for controls (1.8+/-1.57) was significantly higher than BP1 patients (1.14+/-1.31, p=0.02), but not significantly different from SZ patients (1.36+/-1.32, p=0.2). CONCLUSION: Selected reproductive measures are significantly and substantially reduced among Egyptian BP1 patients. The reproductive indices are similar among BP1 and SZ patients, suggesting a role for general illness related variables. Regardless of the cause/s, the impairment constitutes important, under-investigated disability.